Rho GTPases in Cancer

摘要: Rho GTPases play well-established roles in regulating cell growth and migration. Here we review how alterations the functioning of their upstream activators [guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs)] negative regulators (GTPase-activating proteins) can contribute to development transformed state. We also describe a more recent discovery novel signaling connection between these elevated glutamine metabolism cancer cells. This was based on identification small molecule inhibitor that blocks transformation fibroblasts by oncogenic Dbl (for Diffuse B lymphoma), GEF, as well inhibits human breast lymphoma cells, shrinks tumors induced cells mice. The effects were specific for transformed/cancer it did not inhibit normal target this shown be an isoform metabolic enzyme glutaminase (GLS1), which catalyzes hydrolysis glutamate. Transformed/cancer show markedly levels GLS1 activity, are dependent activation GTPases. further discuss important outcome changes exhibited is generation vesicular structures (microvesicles) contain proteins, enzymes, RNA transcripts, microRNA. Microvesicles, transferring components recipient capable conferring properties acceptor thus have been suggested progression. Collectively, results shed new light malignancies.