Product Innovation Processes in Foreign Subsidiaries – The Influence of Local Stakeholders
作者： Stefan Schmid , Swantje Hartmann
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-8349-6104-4_10
关键词: Product innovation 、 Multinational corporation 、 Government 、 Business 、 International business 、 Subsidiary 、 Order (exchange) 、 Business administration 、 Competitive advantage
摘要: In international business (IB) literature, it has been repeatedly stated that Multinational Corporations (MNCs) can benefit from their foreign subsidiaries in various ways. The early IB literature emphasized competitive advantages are usually created at home and then be established abroad order to exploit these across borders (Hymer 1976, pp. 41-43, Kutschker/Schmid 2008, 412-416). More recent stressed also a major contribution or even source of for the entire MNC (Bartlett/Ghoshal 1990, p. 216, Hedlund/Kogut 1993, 344, Bartlett/Ghoshal 1998, 135-136). For instance, absorb local knowledge host markets, develop specific capabilities transfer them other units MNC, such as headquarters (HQs) sister (McEvily/Zaheer 1999, 1135-1137).1 Often subsidiary's shaped by relationships firms partners (Hedlund/Kogut Kuemmerle 2-4, Schmid/Schurig 2003) customers (O'Dowd et al. 2005), suppliers (Lindstrand 2003a, 2003b), universities, research institutions (Davis/Meyer 2004) government (Chang/Rosenzweig 2009, 97).
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