Nanoparticles and their influence on radionuclide mobility in deep geological formations

摘要: This article gives an overview of the current status knowledge concerning role nanoparticles (inorganic and organic) in deep geological host rocks potential influence these on radionuclide migration far-field systems. The manuscript is not intended to be a full review paper or nanoparticles, here intention refer recent publications but highlight progress made 6th framework project IP FUNMIG (Fundamental processes migration) open literature over past 5 process understanding nanoparticle related issues three rock formations investigated, namely: claystones, crystalline salt overburden. results show inter alia that inorganic concentration groundwaters advection dominated systems rarely exceeds 1 mg L (1) expected ng range diffusion controlled For organic DOC concentrations up tens milligrams diffusion-controlled indurated clays with molecular sizes mostly <500 Da have been found. Fulvic acid type organics identified environments plastic Clay (Boom Clay) <= 300 kDa. Additional sources from repository near-field (compacted bentonite) were initial erosion rates determined. indicate under stagnant conditions similar 38 cm (2) for bi-distilled water, 20 glacial melt water (Grimsel groundwater) very low 0.02 mM CaCl2 contact water. critical coagulation (CCC) indicative purely Ca2+ found bentonite stability analysis matches mobilization compacted