The fraction of type Ia supernovae exploding inside planetary nebulae (SNIPs)

摘要: Using three independent directions we estimate that the fraction of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) exploding inside planetary nebulae (PNe), termed SNIPs,is at least ~20%. Our are as follows. (i) Taking variable sodium absorption lines in some SN to originate a massive circumstellar matter (CSM), has been claimed recently, use results Sternberg et al. (2014) imply > ~20% occur PN (or descendant), hence classify them SNIPs. (ii) We next show whenever there hydrogen mass CSM is large (> 1 M_Sun), explosion SNIP. make simplest assumption probability for constant time up about 10^5 yrs after merger core with white dwarf (WD) frame core-degenerate scenario. This few x10 SNe may have SNIP origin. (iii) examine X-ray morphologies 13 well-resolved close-by remnants (SNRs) and derive crude upper limit, according which 10-30% all SNRs possess opposite ear-like features, take evidence results, together several other recent lead us conclude two scenarios most contributing degenerate double scenarios. Together these account >95% Ia.