The Assessment of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Substances by Biomonitoring

摘要: Exposure to noxious substances can be expected in many areas of work. If there is a causal connection between work-related exposure and disease, we are dealing with disease. Legislators have defined some these diseases as occupational diseases. These neurological or systemic disturbances health—for example, from metals solvents—or the skin respiratory tract, triggered by irritant allergenic substances. About four million chemical been synthesized; trigger but not incorporated into law on The latter include pyrethroids, PCB, phthalates, passively inhaled cigarette smoke. According current study, 8% nonsmokers USA still exposed smoke at workplace (1). In addition, other general environment may act man. They decisive influence overall pollutant load for organism cause several illnesses. inhalation and/or cutaneous contact, well orally. More than 4500 cases acute chronic intoxication reported annually Germany (2). unreported figure presumably higher, correlative background information often unknown. As generally restricted specific localizations groups individuals, potential cases, detailed medical history must taken diagnostic procedures initiated (3, 4). For toxic carcinogenic effect agricultural chemicals polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, either indoors outside, lead lesions organs (5). pollutants interact particularly sensitive such children, old, vulnerable persons, even small quantities damage anomalies. Because increasing globalization exchange goods, population now being again hazards which long prohibited, introduced products low wage countries. Examples this benzene insecticides lindane (our own unpublished data; [6]). When individuals take up substances, leads internal lesions, measured objectively. To recognize whether subject suffering integrated hazardous substance, accidental intoxication, standardized analytical investigation biological materials become established subsumed under term "biomonitoring." Taken together clinical experience epidemiological studies, personal data biomonitoring permits an evaluation up. population-orientated studies provided lead, PCB phthalate loads (7, 8, 9). The aim present article describe possibilities open clarification intoxications. New developments will also described, biomonitoring, correlates health risk. It quite happens that assumptions about intoxications environmental toxins disproved help qualified biomonitoring.