Reliably Measuring Cognitive Change in the Era of Chronic HIV Infection and Chronic HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.

摘要: HIV infection has become a chronic disease managed across the life span. In this context, cognitive health of needs to have methods for monitoring over time, in order better anticipate HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) trajectories relation biomarkers, and predict prognosis especially risk dementia as People Living with (PLHIV) age. chapter, we critically review several statistical frameworks quantify change. We then provide critical naturalistic longitudinal studies selected randomized clinical trials assessing change primary outcome PLHIV, conducted since advent combined antiretroviral therapy era (censored January 2019). Doing so, distinguish between PLHIV who were treated early did not experience AIDS (CDC 1993), versus late, after experiencing more severe immune compromise. Highlighting strengths limitations these studies, emphasize that issues reliability pertaining use neuropsychological tests need careful consideration robust quantification change, including measurement error, practice effect, inter-individual variability, baseline level functioning, demographic effects, timeframe testing intervals, normative data, operationalization clinically meaningful addition, analyses type, amount pattern missing data and/or participant attrition, regression toward mean, survivor bias be properly addressed. conclude by proposing future research directions emphasis on translation participants.