Nonpharmacological techniques to reduce pain in preterm infants who receive heel-lance procedure: a randomized controlled trial.

摘要: Introduction: The heel-lance (HL) method for blood collection from the newborn is controversial pain it causes. This first randomized controlled trial on management and reduction of using music Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ("Sonata K. 448") in premature infants hospitalized a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). study has compared nonpharmacological techniques with standard procedure reducing during HL procedure. Methods: Thirty-five were enrolled, each 3 procedures, which was ran- domized to 1 arms. Arms then terms Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) changes by analysis variance (ANOVA). Results: One hundred five procedures available (35 procedure, 35 music, glucose). Median baseline PIPP 3, median after 5. scale change 13 control arm, 11 glucose 12 arm (p = .008). Discussion: Both safe effective limiting increase when preterm infants.Keywords: pain; music; glucose; infant prematureThe contro- versial causes an increased risk skin lesions, such as bruising puncture site inflammation (Vertanen, Fellman, Brommels, & Viinikka, 2001). Venipuncture preferred because less painful more (Lago et al., 2009; Morrow, Hidinger, Wilkinson-Faulk, 2010), but often only viable option infants. Preterm have capacity feel at birth, this can adverse short- long-term effects (Fitzgerald, 1991; Johnston, Fernandes, Campbell-Yeo, 2011). related heel lancing closely associated squeezing rather than breaking via prick (Morrow 2010). Squeezing itself cause pointless 2009); more- over, development nervous system extremely vulnerable peripheral lesions 1991). existing guidelines newborns Spence 2010; Vani, 2011) suggest several strate- gies reduce setting, including environmental, pharmacological, measures.NONPHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE PAIN IN PRETERM INFANTS DURING HEEL LANCEThe use poor all European countries, although showed routine pacifiers sucrose solutions most units (NICUs) except Spain United Kingdom; positioning wraps are used primarily Scandinavia, Netherlands, Belgium. Procedures not specifically recommended used; example, warming (often Denmark Spain) local anesthetics (lidocaine 2.5% prilocaine 2.5%), eutectic mixture anestetics cream (in France Italy; Losacco So, despite tools provided scientific literature, there significant differences clinical practice various NICU, ability prevent treat improved along recognize measure it.Focusing measures, oral non- nutritive sucking (NNS) or human milk suggested or, alternatively, Okan, Coban, Ince, Yapici, Can, 2007). Multiple doses glucose/sucrose (2 min immediately before 2 HL) appear single dose 2009). NNS seems syn- ergistic effect sweet taste, whenever possible 2009).The Use MusicAnother intervention listening music. …