Pain Assessment: Subjectivity, Objectivity, and the Use of Neurotechnology Part One: Practical and Ethical Issues

摘要: Abstract : The pain clinician is confronted with the formidable task of objectifying subjective phenomenon so as to determine right treatments for both syndrome and patient in whom pathology expressed. However, experience pain--and its expression--remains enigmatic. Can currently available evaluative tools, questionnaires, scales actually provide adequately objective information about experiential dimensions pain? Can, or will, current future iterations biotechnology-- whether used singularly combination (with other technologies well observational-behavioral methods)--afford validation And what clinical, ethical, legal social issues that arise from use-- potential misuse--of these approaches? Subsequent trajectories clinical care depend upon findings gained through use techniques their inappropriate employment--or misinterpretation results they provide--can lead misdiagnoses incorrect treatment. This essay first a two-part series explicates how intellectual tasks knowing assessment expression are constituent moral responsibility medicine. Herein, we discuss problem expression, those methods, techniques, bridge gap between evaluation. We address approaches fundamental apprehend an objective, neurological event, impact experience, existence, expectations person pain. In this way, argue technology--together inter-subjectivity, compassion, insight--can sustain good therapeutic enterprise.