On dense granular flows down flat frictional inclines

摘要: We consider dense, relatively shallow flows of 3 mm glass spheres moving down a chute with flat, frictional base 3.6 m length. Sustained are observed at inclinations corresponding to an effective friction between the static and dynamic individual grains. A capacitance instrument records formation waves dominant component traveling upstream. Simultaneous measurements granular temperature using load cell reveal that accompanied by substantial reduction in agitation. theory incorporating contributions from impulsive enduring interactions produces quantitative predictions for range sustained experiments. Closure is achieved balance production dissipation angular momentum narrow basal shear layer. linear stability analysis hydraulic equations further suggests origin waves.