Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis

摘要: Published and new samples of Aboriginal Australians Melanesians were analyzed for mtDNA (n = 172) Y variation 522), the resulting profiles compared with branches known so far within global chromosome tree. (i) All Australian lineages are confirmed to fall mitochondrial founder M N chromosomal founders C F, which associated exodus modern humans from Africa ≈50–70,000 years ago. The analysis reveals no evidence any archaic maternal or paternal in Australians, despite some suggestively robust features fossil record, thus weakening argument continuity earlier Homo erectus populations Southeast Asia. (ii) tree complete sequences shows that most closely related autochthonous New Guinea/Melanesia, indicating prehistoric Australia Guinea occupied initially by one same Palaeolithic colonization event ≈50,000 ago, agreement current archaeological evidence. (iii) deep branching patterns between other around Indian Ocean point a considerable isolation after initial arrival. (iv) We detect only minor secondary gene flow into Australia, this could have taken place before land bridge was submerged ≈8,000 calling question certain significant developments later prehistory (the emergence backed-blade lithic industry, linguistic dichotomy) externally motivated.