The ecology of chickens: an examination of the introduction of the domestic chicken across Europe after the Bronze Age.

摘要: The domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus, or chicken, features as an important part of human society, culture and subsistence, both now in the past. Despite studies into origins spread many other animals, nature chicken west Europe has been largely neglected due to a lack sufficient compiled evidence. It is widely accepted that chickens are descended from junglefowl Asia South East Asia, but more precise debated. As bird with limited flight capability, transported worldwide by humans. Once arrived Europe, very little attention given human-chicken interactions which governed its success, enabled it become permanently established region different where ancestor originates- geographically, environmentally culturally. This study compiles zooarchaeological evidence for across combines archaeology anthropology, takes novel approach applying ecological biogeographical techniques. Such techniques complement traditional methods archaeological assessment, provide new unique insights origins, impact this significant species. I establish regions most suitable initial domestication, demonstrate would not be indigenous populations bird. informs us about investment required m aintain early chicken. identify India likely origin European chickens, based on environmental suitability, presence species, practical routes Europe; propose multiple centres domestication Asia. reaches diffusion events associated specific cultures identified, primarily via trade routes. niche compared found have shifted, indicating adaptation under domestication. introduction non-native species shown directly indirectly affected certain itself agency. date, location context faunal remains, combined literary material culture, establishes change continuity use perception societies. conclusions presented thesis relevant several subjects, including archaeology, zooarchaeology, ecology conservation, benefits multi- disciplinary approach.