Testing a multi-scale scenario approach for smallholder tree plantations in Indonesia and Vietnam

摘要: Abstract Smallholder tree plantations are seen as promising routes to alleviating poverty and increasing forest area among the countries in Southeast Asia. However, implementation has been disappointing, which led scientists at Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) consider a scenario exercise way mitigate risk of unwanted outcomes. The study had characteristic that it shares with many other studies: close interaction larger-scale processes trends (global markets, national policy) smaller-scale systems (regional local policy, farmer livelihoods). authors therefore felt than an explicitly multi-scale approach was called for. To keep well-known practice, we made modest extension conventional logic approach, introduced nested, logic. While modest, believe modification is useful, method could be used studies, particular climate adaptation studies. We applied during two workshops held explore use smallholder efforts improve rural livelihoods; each workshop considered different localities. frameworks resulting from were similar between localities, nested framework served structure process revealed meaningful contextual differences. From these experiences, discuss critique method.