In situ observations of foraging, feeding, and escape behavior in three orders of oceanic ctenophores: Lobata, Cestida, and Beroida

摘要: The foraging, feeding, and escape behaviors of members four genera oceanic ctenophores were studied by direct observation in the field during summer 1987 (7 July to 7 September) on R. V. “Oceanus” Cruise 191 Northern Sargasso Slope water, an area bounded 34° 39°N 67° 74°W. Patterns water movement around these using fluorescein dye. Bolinopsis infundibulum forages vertically, capturing prey with mucus-covered oral lobes. Species Ocyropsis forage horizontally produce a reduced wake, due extreme compression body aboral location ctene rows. Prey are trapped muscular lobes ingested prehensile mouth. In both genera, auricles held rigidly, apparently used reduce pressure wave as they startle onto surfaces Cestum veneris also horizontally, but continually reverses direction. startled turbulent wake produced previous pass captured tentilla that stream over sides body. All three species Beroe swim spiral while foraging similar wakes. negative rapid expansion mouth, macrocilia line portion stomodaeum. behavior Bolinopsis, Ocyropsis, appears function primarily elude nonvisual predators such spp. bend rapidly response, will turn themselves inside-out when repeatedly stimulated. types depend part interplay feeding mechanisms.