The poverty of forestry policy: double standards on an uneven playing field

摘要: Can policies designed to maximize exploitation by elites benefit the people who live in forests? Forestry policy throughout developing world originates from European “scientific” forestry traditions exported during colonial period. These were implemented foreign and local elite whose interest was extract profit. In spite of reforms since end period, on environment usually remain biased against rural communities. Even when more recent are fair, poor face severe biases implementation. addition, they must compete an uneven playing field ethnic other social inequities economic hurdles. This article examines how implementation maintain double standards this a manner that permanently excludes natural wealth around them—producing poverty process. Change would support alleviation for forest-based communities requires radical rethinking forest so as counterbalance widespread regressive structural asymmetries.