Reflections On Educational Transitions In Egypt, Lebanon and Turkey

摘要: The historical intercultural encounters between Islam and the West in Middle East have intrigued numerous historians, political theorists, anthropologists sociologists. Within this context, one of most debated topics has been actual infl uences Westernisation on Islamic World actions reactions during periods intense Westernisation. Education was a key element traditional societies that underwent dramatic change. Alongside its vital role training new generations intellectuals, education major importance process spreading ideologies accompanied modernisation Eastern societies, particular, emergence national movements. Since nature Western uence differed across states emerged East, it is impossible to point single general pattern development area. In order exemplify variations similarities changes knowledge traditions, chapter will describe compare essential characteristics three countries: Egypt, Turkey Lebanon. study concentrate each country negotiations educational traditions modern (Western) reforms. Generally, crucial moment for manifested attempt create system education, thereby citizens. It be shown these transitions, which occurred social spheres, their effects, are still visible today. transformations into “modern” nation states, Lebanon adapted aspects Western, often secular, traits systems; resulting systems refl ected differences developments state. This begin with overview similar form content North African societies. fundamental not only but base formal informal cultural institutions practices.