The Persistence of Social Di!erentiation in the Philippine Uplands

摘要: Certain drivers of social and economic di!erences facilitate the reification ethnic identity between so-called uplanders lowlanders on Palawan Island in Philippines. Drawing case studies, this paper we examine how two seemingly distinct groups - Christian migrants indigenous Tagbanua use their respective positions society to mark livelihoods. We then argue that as non-governmental organisations build notions indigeneity a means programmes, they further reinforce each group articulates di!erence. demonstrate tendency NGOs construct reify support land claims conservation has fact polarised and, turn, reinforced inequality group. conclude although have tried remedy disparities groups, simplification local ways life reinforces stereotypes these people uses.