Apparent diffusion coefficient from magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker in oncology drug development

摘要: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be made sensitive to diffusion of water molecules in biological tissues: this phenomenon quantitated provide a biomarker, the apparent coefficient (ADC). Over past decade, evidence has accumulated from numerous clinical and animal studies that ADC is abnormal tumours; elevated reflects an non-cellular fraction; acute increases following therapy indicate tumour cells have been killed. However there remain substantial challenges ensuring robust valid measurements, particularly multicentre common sites metastasis such as lung liver. Moreover, uncertainty about how best select timing observation post-therapy avoid false-negatives, minimise confounding factors which could decouple drug-induced increase cell kill. In review we summarise physical basis it non-viable fraction, extracranial tumours, suggest roadmap for validation qualification.