Stream typology and lake outlets — a perspective towards validation and assessment from northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein)

摘要: Abstract The objective of this paper is twofold: 1) to validate the German stream typology for Schleswig-Holstein, and 2) develop an assessment system lake outlets. typology, based on a top-down analysis geomorphological variables, was validated using biotic data streams in northern Germany. A null model conducted test differences between seven types (sand rivers, gravel partly-mineralic streams, limnic marsh outlets). dataset compiled statistical comprised 28 65 different sampling sites, 428 samples, 296 taxa. confirmed all type except which showed faunal overlap with streams. Gravel were most distinctive type. Lake outlets shown be unique type, having distinct macroinvertebrate fauna. Furthermore it shown, that species composition differed lentic lotic Canonical correspondence 19 investigated revealed characteristics lakes had only minor effect community structure. developed habitat association 132 Taxa allotted five categories outlet preferences depending results from ordinations, frequency tables abundance distributions. qualitative quantitative index (LTI) tested independent sets. LTI quan proved more robust slightly affected by seasonal changes composition. Assessments macroinvertebrates should spring autumn reduce risk misclassifications, particular, boundary cases rated good moderate quality classes.