The relationship of major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder: Continuous or discontinuous?

摘要: Recent studies have questioned current diagnostic systems that split mood disorders into the independent categories of bipolar and depressive disorders. The classification runs against Kraepelin's unitary view manic-depressive insanity (illness). main findings recent supporting a continuity between (mainly II disorder) major disorder are presented. features currently 1) mixed states (mixed depression) dysphoric (mixed) hypomania (opposite polarity symptoms in same episode do not support splitting disorders); 2) family history (major is most common relatives probands); 3) lack points rarity syndromes disorder; 4) with such as states, young onset age, atypical features, history, irritability, racing thoughts, psychomotor agitation; 5) high proportion shifting to during long-term follow-up; 6) manic hypomanic symptoms; 7) factors present episodes; 8) recurrent course 9) much more than