Westernisation, insulin resistance and diabetes in Australian aborigines.

摘要: OBJECTIVE: To examine the published data on impact of westernisation obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Australian Aborigines. DATA SOURCES: Fifty-five articles from international sources (primarily peer-reviewed journals) are cited. STUDY SELECTION: Twenty-eight reports providing diet, lifestyle, health "lifestyle diseases" Aborigines before after included this review. A further 27 NIDDM, CHD, insulin resistance, diet exercise were used to help interpret Aboriginal data. DATA EXTRACTION: Information dietary composition, anthropometry, risk factor prevalence, relevant biochemical measurements for comparative interpretive purposes. DATA SYNTHESIS: The traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle Aborigines, characterised by high physical activity a low energy density (low fat, fibre), promoted maintenance very lean body weight minimised resistance. In contrast, most Western is reduced an energy-dense (high refined carbohydrate fat) which promotes obesity maximises When they make transition their westernised develop prevalence rates (with android pattern fat distribution), diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypertension hyperinsulinaemia. striking improvements lipid metabolism diabetic non-diabetic temporary reversion highlight potentially reversible nature detrimental effects change, particularly young people who have not yet developed diabetes. CONCLUSION: It suggested that resistance was important survival as hunter-gatherers, but also underlying metabolic characteristic predisposing them NIDDM CHD westernisation. Intervention strategies prevent chronic diseases related should be directed at modification. effective such programmes will implemented community level.