Tree and livestock productivity in relation to tree planting configuration in a silvopastoral system in North Wales, UK

摘要: Silvopastoral systems in Europe offer the potential of introducing environmental benefits while at same time increasing diversity farm outputs. The establishment new silvopastoral by planting young trees into existing pasture was investigated a site North Wales, UK. Two tree species, sycamore (Acer pseudo-platanus L.) and red alder(Alnus rubra Bong.), were planted range densities arrangements. Growth woodland blocks (2500 stems ha−1) compared with growth 400 ha−1 clumps dispersed throughout plot 100 (dispersed). Over first six years after planting, alder significantly taller larger diameter than sycamore. Sycamore close spacing or clumped arrangements widely spaced ha−1. Livestock productivity unaffected presence during six-year phase system. pattern appears to combine silvicultural agricultural maintaining livestock production are established.