作者: David C. McClelland
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2238-2_16
关键词: Internal medicine 、 Epinephrine 、 Heart rate 、 Blood pressure 、 Sympathetic nervous system 、 Endocrinology 、 Arousal 、 Norepinephrine 、 Hormone 、 Endocrine system 、 Medicine
摘要: both the acute and restorative changes are initiated coordinated by brain through its control of autonomic endocrine systems. For example, during response in blood pressure, flow, heart rate mediated activation many parts sympathetic nervous system corresponding suppression activity parasympathetic system. During this period there is also heightened release such hormones as cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone, thyroxine, etc., from organs. At same time other hormones, for insulin sex suppressed. The net effect these hormonal an accelerated breakdown carbohydrates, fats, proteins to provide energy (catabolism) a slowing body’s synthetic processes (anabolism).” Repeated stress mobilization body way eventually predisposes individual all sorts pathology, particularly cardiovascular diseases (cf. Levi, 1971). People suffering essential hypertension disease turn described frequently having particular behavioral style which suggests chronic activation. They display “extremes competitiveness, striving achievement, aggressiveness (sometimes stringently repressed), haste, impatience, restlessness, hyperalertness, explosiveness speech, tenseness facial musculature, feelings being under pressure challenge responsibility” (Jenkins, Psychiatrists studying hypertensives (individuals with high pressure) conclude “that they live permanent life unable free themselves, that sinking burden responsibility