To what extent is integration pursued in compulsory planning tools concerning coastal and marine areas? Evidences from two Mediterranean protected areas

摘要: Abstract Coastal areas are worldwide characterized by multiple pressures generated high levels of urbanization and conflictual inappropriate uses. The establishment protected represents a tool to contrast such pressures. integration between planning tools key issue, in particular the Mediterranean area; hence, it has been addressed both legally binding acts voluntary agreements charters concerning coastal zone management as well marine spatial planning. By looking at two Italian case studies analyzing their documents currently force, our study aims assessing level relation coexistence various nature protection regimes. Our analysis shows that, although seems be point agenda spite some improvements, an integrated approach is still its infancy. results show rather than contributing building management, each focuses on complying with sectoral, normative framework. This situation can partly attributed multilayered, complex, framework, several categories own legal act objectives.