Social Desirability and Response Validity: A Comparative Analysis of Overreporting Voter Turnout in Five Countries

摘要: Theory and evidence suggests that respondents are likely to overreport voter turnout in election surveys because they have a strong incentive offer socially desirable response. We suggest contextual influences may affect the bias, leading variance rate of overreporting across countries. This leads us hypothesize nonvoters will be more voting elections high turnout. rely on validated data measure five countries which vary great deal turnout: Britain, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, United States. find national settings with higher levels participation, tendency greater than where low participation is norm.