Molecular In Vivo Imaging of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue

摘要: The in vivo study of molecular processes human bone marrow is important for both diagnostics and understanding of disease pathophysiology. Traditionally, the hematopoietic component has been a research focus, but recently, role adipose tissue gaining interest many applications. purpose present review to give an overview existing imaging modalities allowing humans with emphasis on technical aspects: characteristics extracted parameters their application tissue. Magnetic resonance (MR) (MRI) spectroscopy (MRS) are most frequently used methods examination as they provide rich soft contrast come without ionizing radiation. Existing MR allow extraction different measures including proton density fat fraction, fatty acid characteristics, diffusion perfusion properties. However, available techniques have be carefully adjusted investigation signal component, especially presence trabecular bone. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) emerging technique—not yet widely available—which appears promising alternative rapid fraction assessment. Positron emission (PET) allows additional functional metabolic therefore provides valuable information (e.g., glucose uptake) MR-based at cost Bone still niche remaining challenges using modalities. A good working knowledge underlying physical principles required not out box may need fit requirements imaging. In summary, MR, DECT, PET enable measurement several inherently growing markers marrow, thanks its high clinical significance, eventually lead new developments, well improvements soon become more broadly available.