Behavioral, morphological, and ecological trait evolution in two clades of New World Sparrows (Aimophila and Peucaea, Passerellidae).

摘要: The New World sparrows (Passerellidae) are a large, diverse group of songbirds that vary in morphology, behavior, and ecology. Thus, they excellent for studying trait evolution phylogenetic framework. We examined lability versus conservatism morphological behavioral traits two related clades (Aimophila, Peucaea), assessed whether habitat has played an important role evolution. first inferred multi-locus phylogeny which we used to reconstruct ancestral states, then quantified signal among these more broadly. Behavioral have stronger than traits. Specifically, vocal duets song structure the most highly conserved traits, nesting behavior appears be maintained within clades. Furthermore, found strong correlation between open unpatterned plumage, complex song, ground nesting. However, even lineages share same type, species nesting, plumage pattern, complexity, duetting. Our findings highlight trade-offs ecology sparrow diversification.