Quantum gas of rovibronic ground-state molecules in an optical lattice

摘要: Control over all internal and external degrees of freedom molecules at the level single quantum states will enable a series fundamental studies in physics chemistry. In particular, samples ground-state ultralow temperatures high number densities allow novel quantum-gas future applications information science. However, phase-space for molecular are not readily attainable as efficient cooling techniques such laser lacking. Here we produce an ultracold dense sample hyperfine rovibronic ground state with each molecule individually trapped motional optical lattice well. Starting from zero-temperature atomic Mott-insulator optimized double-site occupancy, weakly-bound dimer efficiently associated on Feshbach resonance subsequently transferred to by stimulated four-photon process >50 % efficiency. The have lifetime 8 s. Our results present crucial step towards Bose-Einstein condensation and, when suitably generalized polar heteronuclear molecules, realization dipolar phases lattices.