Methods of Targeting Animal Sources of Fecal Pollution in Water

摘要: The determination of fecal pollution sources in waters is essential the management catchments. Although traditional microbial water analyses using indicator microorganisms have been used for water-health more than a century, it known that they cannot provide information about origin pollution. distinction between anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic (animal) would greatly support assessment health risks based on knowledge host-specificity many pathogens. For example, human sewage could constitute higher risk to humans wastewater animal origin. However, there are some exceptions because pathogens can infect cause clinical disease both animals. Therefore, source different strategies, treatment measures policies prevent or decrease inputs remediation at source. In this chapter, proposed chemical biological MST indicators discussed. grouped phylogenetic description target (eukarya, bacteria, virus). A comprehensive each provided developed methodologies employed presented. Emphasis placed validation applicability method animal-MST indicator. New molecular approaches animal-NST targets metagenomics also Finally, assay implementation, their contribution maximum load bodies relationship water-borne examined.