California’s Tobacco Tax Initiative: The Development and Passage of Proposition 99

摘要: In this case study, we describe and analyze the development passage of California's tobacco tax initiative, Proposition 99, Tobacco Tax Health Promotion Act 1988. We gathered information from published reports, public documents, personal correspondence, internal memorandums, polling data, interviews with representatives organizations that participated in 99 campaign. passed as a result efforts coalition voluntary health agencies, medical organizations, environmental groups. They organized long-term effort by conducting essential polling, planning strategies, gaining media exposure, developing coalition, running successful campaign to enact shifting venue legislative initiative politics. To build was needed pass proponents enlisted help exchange for additional revenue be allocated services. By legislature general public, advocates capitalized on concern about youth took advantage industry's low credibility. The despite massive against it industry, represents milestone control fields. From its 1988 through 1993, use California declined 27 percent, which is three times faster than United States average. As result, has served national model other states federal government. Although allocation revenues specifically education prevention primary goal during when shifted back implementation, successfully advocated illegal diversions research funds Organizations seeking 99-like increases must prepared mount aggressive campaigns face major industry opposition then continue work protect program after voters.