Why semicarbazide (SEM) is not an appropriate marker for the usage of nitrofurazone on agricultural animals

摘要: A comprehensive global database on semicarbazide (SEM) in foodstuffs and food ingredients is presented, with over 4000 data collected foods such as seafood (crustaceans, fish powders), meat (beef, chicken dairy products (e.g. raw milk, milk powders, whey, sweet buttermilk powder, caseinate, yoghurt, cheese), honey other ingredients. The results provide evidence that the presence of SEM certain (whey, protein concentrates) a by-product chemical reactions taking place during manufacturing process. Of tested (c. 2000 samples), 5.3% showed traces > 0.5 µg/kg. highest incidence SEM-positive samples category were whey (powders, liquid) concentrates (35% positive), up to 13 µg/kg measured powder. Sweet powder caseinate followed, 27% 9.3% positives, respectively. was not detected or yoghurt cheese. crustacean (shrimp prawn powders) tested, 44% positive for SEM, value at 284 µg/kg. Fish powders revealed an unexpectedly high (25%); this case, fraudulent addition shellfish shells carry-over processing cannot be excluded. Overall, new insights into occurrence (for substantially strengthening arguments categories conclusive marker use illegal antibiotic nitrofurazone.