A Case of Poorly Differentiated Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cecum: A Rare Malignancy, with Review of the Literature.

摘要: Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are rare tumors that can arise anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. They often present in advanced stage and portend a poor prognosis when compared to adenocarcinomas of same stage. Characterization these is best accomplished with tissue biopsy, as peripheral tumor markers commonly used NECs little utility. Therapeutic strategies involve chemotherapeutic regimens have been treat small-cell lung cancer. Recent studies shown programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression within poorly prognostic indicator. However, PD-L1 may represent possible target for immunotherapy drugs, called checkpoint inhibitors, such anti-PD-1 inhibitors.