Building resilience to water scarcity in southern Spain: a case study of rice farming in Doñana protected wetlands

摘要: Agricultural water management needs to evolve in view of increased scarcity, especially when farming and natural protected areas are closely linked. In the study site Donana (southern Spain), is shared by rice producers a world heritage biodiversity ecosystem. Our aim contribute defining adaptation strategies that may build resilience increasing scarcity minimize conflicts among agricultural systems. The analytical framework links participatory process with quantitative methods prioritize options. Bottom-up proposed measures evaluated multi-criteria analysis (MCA) includes both socioeconomic criteria ecosystem services affected Criteria weights estimated three different methods—analytic hierarchy process, Likert scale equal weights—that then compared. Finally, scores from an MCA input into optimization model used determine optimal land-use distribution order maximize utility diversification according scenarios funds availability. While our results show spectrum perceptions priorities stakeholders, there one overriding theme define way restore part fields wetlands. These hold true under current climate scenario even more so scenario.