Limitations of the Advection-Diffusion Equation for Modeling Tephra Fallout: 1992 Eruption of Cerro Negro Volcano, Nicaragua
作者： Kristin Terese Martin
DOI:
关键词: Geomorphology 、 Plume 、 Volcanology 、 Settling 、 Deposition (aerosol physics) 、 Volcanic ash 、 Volcano 、 Tephra 、 Geology 、 Dispersion (water waves)
摘要: Detailed mapping and granulometric analyses of the 1992 Cerro Negro tephra blanket reveal remarkable departures from expected distribution tephra. Isomass maps show that major axis dispersion for eruption was to SW cone coarser-grained particles, ranging -4.0 – 1.0 f, were deposited primarily along with deposits thinning off axis. Comparable isomass finer-grained 1.5 3.5f, these particles edges deposit, dispersion. Advection-diffusion models fallout currently widely used in volcanology do not account this deposition pattern. Rather, it appears interaction between wind field, which developed a strong cross flow during eruption, ascending plume resulted formation turbulent structure plume. Particles settling velocity greater than ~1-2m/s (diameter >0.5 mm) able overcome settled manner predicted by advection-diffusion equation. Those lower velocities caught up dispersion, near overall blanket. Thus,
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