Gravitational Bending of Light Near Compact Objects

摘要: A photon emitted near a compact object at an angle α with respect to the radial direction escapes infinity different ψ > α. This bending of light is caused by strong gravitational field. We show that, in Schwarzschild metric, effect described 1 - cos = (1 ψ)(1 rg/R), where R/rg emission radius units. The formula approximate, and it applies R ≥ 2rg only; however, these radii has amazing accuracy, fully sufficient many applications. As one application, we develop new formulation for light-bending effects pulsars. It reveals simple character gives their quantitative description practically no loss accuracy (for typical neutron star 3rg error 1%). visible fraction surface shown be Sv/4πR2 [2(1 rg/R)]-1, which 3rg. instantaneous flux pulsar comes from or two antipodal polar caps that rotate zone. pulse produced blackbody cap found sinusoidal (light impacts amplitude but not its shape). When both are visible, shows plateau: variable parts emissions precisely cancel each other. pulsed symmetry upper limit Amax (R 2rg)/(R + 2rg). Pulsars must asymmetric.