Estimate of incidence and cost of recreational waterborne illness on United States surface waters

摘要: Activities such as swimming, paddling, motor-boating, and fishing are relatively common on US surface waters. Water recreators have a higher rate of acute gastrointestinal illness, along with other illnesses including respiratory, ear, eye, skin symptoms, compared to non-water recreators. The quantity costs unknown national scale. Recreational waterborne illness incidence severity were estimated using data from prospective cohort studies water recreation, reports recreational disease outbreaks, recreation statistics. Costs associated medication use, healthcare provider visits, emergency department (ED) hospitalizations, lost productivity, long-term sequelae, mortality aggregated. An 4 billion events occur annually, resulting in an 90 million nationwide $2.2- $3.7 annually (central 90% values). Illnesses moderate (visit health care or ED) responsible for over 65% the economic burden values: $1.4- $2.4 billion); severe (result hospitalization death) approximately 8% total $108- $614 million). substantial burden. These findings may be useful cost-benefit analysis quality improvement risk reduction initiatives.