Femtosecond and Attosecond Light Sources and Techniques for Spectroscopy

摘要: The drive to resolve faster and dynamics in physical or chemical systems has been one of the main motivations for development sources ultrashort optical pulses. While improved microscopic tools allow us study matter down level a single atom, advent laser pulse technology enabled time-resolved studies processes such as molecular vibration reaction (see Frey et al. 2011: High-resolution Rotational Raman Coherence Spectroscopy with Femtosecond Pulses, this handbook). With state-of-the-art reaching ∼100 (1 = 10−18 s) duration extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region, even potentially extremely fast lightweight particle electron become accessible Worner Corkum Attosecond Spectroscopy, human eye is incapable resolving any motion occurring on timescale shorter than ∼0.1 s, mechanical camera shutters extend our observations beyond millisecond range. Direct electronic detection expands observation range below nanosecond. However, only pulses provide general method access natural timescales molecular, atomic, processes. short brings along that they concentrate moderate amounts energy into very brief time window. As result, peak powers can reach above megawatt directly produced by oscillator. additional amplification