GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) GERMPLASM BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS

摘要: Genetic diversity is considered as survival license for a population. Genetically more diverse populations will survive number of generations. The genetic variation whether it inter specific or intra and are the product gene / environment, can be determined through different markers. Maize miracle crop. It leading in production 3rd area under cultivation among all cereal crops throughout world. In Pakistan maize fifth importance third cereals after wheat rice. present study was conducted to elucidate extent germplasm from Pakistan, Japan China, using agro-morphological, biochemical molecular A total 153 genotypes were evaluated 34 agro-morphological traits during 2011 2012 open field conditions at PGRI, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan. High level variability detected most important traits. mean values each trait compared with value recorded check varieties, Agaiti-2002, Sadaf Sahiwal-2002. Descriptive statistical analysis showed that maximum variance grain yield per plant followed by height, 1000 kernels weight, ear days leaf senescence, anthesis silking two years experiments. Among qualitative traits, kernel type, color, row arrangement, husk cover tassel type impressive. According principal component major contributors both anthesis-silking interval, leaves plant, rows, weight plot, length diameter. Some functionally related characters presented significant correlation other trials, like flowering (i.e. tassel, silk, pollen shedding, interval), (such row, length, width, plant). cluster separated tested into five groups trials but distribution these clusters years. Overall amount found studied particularly collected even China low. This utilized varieties hybrid development future, mainly focusing on areas face loss caused early start cold weather. During experiments best performing promising identified basis vital which focused terms their prominent performance breeding purposes well. Total seed storage proteins electrophoretically sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) technique. Densitometric scanning profiled allowed us estimate 18 protein subunits, base variables calculate similarity coefficients between genotypes. Over 61% polypeptides polymorphism minor subunits contributed comparison subunits. Accessions, 15215 (latest) 15276 (heighest yield) completely unique banding profiles, accessions may have some correlated longest maturity period yield. Dice ranged 0.74 0.97 0.87. matrix made UPGMA method, main clusters, A, B, C, D E 89% homology. Accessions same separate not only indicated diverged origin independent effect geographical location also there very little environment expression profile. Fifteen clustered similar fashion DNA based clustering reflected products background explored further application advanced techniques. medium due few limitations applying However SDS-PAGE technique proved fruitful detect identify used programs future. DNA selected 80 three commercial performed 40 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) marker system diversity. 110 SSR fragments generated 83.6% polymorphic. Their locus varied 2 4 alleles average 2.8 alleles. size amplified 62 266 bp. difference smallest largest any 3 125 information content (PIC) 0.10 0.87 overall 0.50 locus. Pair-wise Nei Li's coefficient 0.48 0.94 0.69. Five rare 22 one shared accession (14862) province Punjab, (24693) Azad Jammu Kashmir (15264 15304) fingerprints To find relatedness methodology, differentiated named I, II, III, IV V 70% indigenous well exotic light markers verified localities no common ancestors own location. Similarly various agromorphological characterization, an indication towards allelic profiling genomic prove quite beneficial research. inferred investigation useful identification. great depth could helpful selecting parents future framing strategies conservation management germplasm. Overall Japan. multiplied weather Our findings country.