Parapatric pied and red-handed tamarin responses to congeneric and conspecific calls

摘要: Abstract Aggressive behaviors are widespread among territorial species and asymmetrical aggressiveness may imply differential access to resources. At a larger scale, such asymmetry also drive shifts in geographic distributions. The pied tamarin (Saguinus bicolor) is an endangered Amazonian primate with small natural range. In recent decades further reduction of its range has been observed coincident the expansion red-handed tamarin's midas), which appears be encroaching into area otherwise occupied by tamarin. Here we test if, at boundaries, produces more aggressive vocalizations than We performed series 96 playback trials presenting both congeneric conspecific long calls sixteen groups tamarins fourteen tamarins. recorded their territorial, agonistic, alarm vocalizations, duration calling displays after broadcasts. doing so, assessed whether agonistic were likely occur response areas sympatry. found that was emit when listening own sympatric areas, but no differences vocal responses from either relation or display allopatric areas. Furthermore, emitted tamarin, independently circumstances. Overall, acoustic mediating interaction Together, these observations suggestive behavioral interference, including competitive displacement