Surveillance of health status in minority communities - Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health Across the U.S. (REACH U.S.) Risk Factor Survey, United States, 2009.

摘要: PROBLEM: Substantial racial/ethnic health disparities exist in the United States. Although populations of racial and ethnic minorities are growing at a rapid pace, large-scale community-based surveys surveillance systems designed to monitor status minority limited. CDC conducts Racial Ethnic Approaches Community Health across U.S. (REACH U.S.) Risk Factor Survey annually communities. The survey focuses on black, Hispanic, Asian (including Native Hawaiian Other Pacific Islander), American Indian (AI) populations. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: 2009. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: An address-based sampling design was used 28 communities located 17 states (Arizona, California, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Mexico, York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Virginia, West Washington). Self-reported data were collected through telephone, questionnaire mailing, in-person interviews from an average 900 residents aged ≥ 18 years each community. Data community compared with derived Behavioral Surveillance System (BRFSS) for metropolitan micropolitan statistical area (MMSA), county, or state which also national estimates. RESULTS: Reported education level household income markedly lower AI than that among general population living comparison MMSA, state. More these did not have health-care coverage see doctor because cost. variations identified self-perceived prevalence selected chronic conditions within same population. In 2009, median percentage men who reported fair poor 15.8% (range: 8.3%-29.3%) A/PI 26.3% 22.3%-30.8%) women 20.1% 13.3%-37.2%) communities, whereas it 31.3% 19.4%-44.2%) Hispanic black had high self-reported hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes. For most much higher corresponding located. percentages persons knew signs symptoms heart attack stroke consistently all four median. Variations use preventive services. Hispanics lowest their cholesterol checked, those blood pressure taking antihypertensive medication, diabetes glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test past year. AIs mammography screening rate 2 ≥40 (median: 72.7%; range: 69.4%-76.2%). A/PIs Pap smear 3 74.4%; 60.3%-80.8%). influenza vaccination rates adults ≥65 (57.3%) (63.3%) (70.1%) 50 DC. Pneumococcal (60.5%), (58.5%), (59.7%) (68.5%). INTERPRETATIONS: REACH demonstrate continue socioeconomic status, greater barriers access, risks burden disease risk factors, conditions, services different provide opportunities public intervention. These indicate priorities needed eliminate communities. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION: community-level being by coalitions implement, monitor, evaluate intervention programs Continuous is necessary so community-specific, culturally sensitive strategies include system, environmental, individual-level changes can be tailored