Toward Ecosystem Management: Shifts in the Core and the Context of Urban Forest Ecology

摘要: The core of urban forest ecology is the body scientific knowledge found in literature. formation this began 1950s and 1960s took shape 1970s 1980s with formal studies structure function. During following ten years, idea ecosystem was introduced, now basis for further development core. context provided by statements public policy perceptions land management needs. An important shift occurring as organizations, ranging from urban-based alliances to state federal agencies, embrace concept an approach understanding governing complex mixtures biophysical human phenomena using a hierarchy time space scales. This rapid places burden on articulate test models ecosystems. To accomplish this, research needed that will help us understand how urban, periurban, exurban lands interact functionally other components larger landscape. Part requires scientists managers develop common vocabulary set realistic expectations confront problems systems complexity uncertainty.