Contrast agent design

摘要: All the modern radiographic contrast agents (diatrizoate, iodamide, iothalamate, metrizoate) for use in studies of blood vessels (angiography) consist a benzene ring, which three hydrogen atoms have been replaced by firmly-bound iodine atoms. In order to provide high water solubility and low toxicity one remaining ring has salt-forming carboxyl group while two them other hydrophilic radicals, each containing chain nitrogen carbon A absorption X-rays requires concentration consequently angiographic are very concentrated solutions with osmolalities magnitude 1500 2500 mOsm. For fast injection through narrow catheters, an agent should viscosity. Several toxic effects related their osmolality. There is thus need water-soluble ratio osmolality/iodine content lower than available today. The could be decreased if oligomers or polymers were synthesized. However, measurements viscosity such showed that already had discussion physico-chemical laws gives following conclusions. (1) polymeric kept at minimum axial medium molecule as close possible. (2) synthesis non-electrolytic agent, does not contain any raises possibility combining osmolality soluble agent. monomer get polymer electrolytic