Applying the ecosystem services framework to pasture-based livestock farming systems in Europe

摘要: The concept of ‘Ecosystem Services’ (ES) focuses on the linkages between ecosystems, including agroecosystems, and human well-being, referring to all benefits, direct indirect, that people obtain from ecosystems. In this paper, we review application ES framework pasture-based livestock farming systems, which allows (1) regulating, supporting cultural be integrated at same level with provisioning ES, (2) multiple trade-offs synergies exist among considered. Research has focused mostly (meat, milk fibre production), despite fact strongly depends regulating for their existence. We first present an inventory non-provisioning (regulating, cultural) provided by systems in Europe. Next, scales overview methodologies assessing biophysical trade-offs. Third, non-biophysical (economical socio-cultural) applications valuation. conclude some recommendations policy design.