No evidence of Neandertal admixture in the mitochondrial genomes of early European modern humans and contemporary Europeans

摘要: Neandertals, the archaic human form documented in Eurasia until 29,000 years ago, share no mitochondrial haplotype with modern Europeans. Whether this means that two groups were reproduc- tively isolated is controversial, and indeed nuclear data have been interpreted as suggesting they admixed. We explored range of demographic parameters may generated observed diversity, simulating 3.0 million genealogies under six models differing for relationships among contemporary Europeans, Upper Palaeolithic Euro- pean early humans (EEMH), who coexisted Neandertals millennia. compared by Approximate Bayesian Computations simulation results mito- chondrial diversity 7 3 EEMH, 150 opportunely chosen A model genealogical continuity between EEMH Neandertal contribution, received overwhelming support from analyses. The maximum degree admixture, gene flow supported data, was estimated at 1.5%, but proved 20-32 times less likely than a without any flow. Nuclear evi- dence might be reconciled if smaller population sizes led to faster lineage sorting DNA, Nean- dertals shared longer period common ancestry non-African's African's ancestors. Am J Phys Anthropol 146:242-252, 2011. V