Effective detection methods for Pectinatella magnifica Leidy 1851 colony distribution using statoblasts

摘要: A rapidly expanding range of Pectinatella magnifica has been reported globally. Although many studies have conducted to manage this invasive species, surveying methods mainly limited visual observation bryozoan colonies. For efficient monitoring and early detection we compared three different methods: visually detecting colonies (visual colonies, VOC), floating statoblasts (statoblasts in filtered water, SFW), attached artificial substrate, SAS). Using these sampling methods, the occurrences P. littoral zones lotic ecosystems from 117 sites South Korea 2015 2019. Occurrence frequency was higher using both SFW (37.3%) SAS (72.5%) than traditional VOC (28.0%) method. The agreement occurrence between VOC, more consistent tributaries main channels. Density estimations colony (VOC) statoblast (SFW, SAS) also showed a positive correlation tributaries. To identify invasion an unidentified area, collecting is alternative determine species field conditions.