$S$ -Parameter Sensitivities for Electromagnetic Optimization Based on Volume Field Solutions

摘要: We propose a sensitivity analysis method that computes the S-parameter Jacobian from volume E-field solutions in frequency domain. The field may be provided by any valid electromagnetic analysis. computation is post-process, which independent simulator's grid, system equations, and discretization method. solver uses its own finite-difference grid formula based on frequency-domain vector Helmholtz equation for electric field. Its computational overhead negligible comparison with simulation. use gradient-based optimization of microwave structures. Significant reduction time required overall process achieved. In all design examples, sensitivities are computed commercial finite-element simulator.