Adolescent Outcomes of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Diverse Community Sample

摘要: Objective To describe adolescent outcomes of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a diverse community sample. Method ADHD screening school district sample 1,615 students aged 5 to 11 years was followed by case-control study 8 later. High-risk youths meeting full (n = 94) and subthreshold 75) DSM-IV criteria were matched with demographically similar low-risk peers 163). Outcomes domains included symptom, functional impairment, quality life, substance use, educational outcomes, juvenile justice involvement. Results In all, 44% had not experienced remission. Compared unaffected peers, adolescents more likely display oppositional defiant (odds ratio [OR] 12.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6-30.0), anxiety/depression (OR 10.3, CI 2.7-39.3), significant impairment 3.4, 1.7-6.9), reduced life 2.5, 1.3-4.7), involvement the system 3.1, 1.0-9.1). Subthreshold ADHD, but increased risk grade retention, whereas both conditions graduation failure. Oppositional (ODD), cannabis alcohol use. None moderated gender, race or poverty. Conclusions heralds persistence comorbid symptoms into adolescence, as well risks for typically do qualify affected special interventions, yet increase adverse outcomes. Findings stress importance early recognition, especially its presentation ODD, prevention intervention strategies.