Large-scale Societal Transitions in the Past. WWWforEurope Working Paper No. 55

摘要: The paper takes a historical perspective in analysing past systemic social-ecological transition processes. It explores two major energy transitions of the past: to use fossil fuels (e.g., starting with coal UK 17th century, and continuing rest world oil since) on one hand, marked mature industrial economies early 1970s, association first second price shocks.