Organizational Narcissism: Scale Development and Firm Outcomes

摘要: INTRODUCTION The prevalence of narcissism in society at large (Lasch, 1991), the classroom (Bergman, Westerman & Daly, 2010; Twenge, Konrath, Foster, Campbell, Bushman, 2008) and organization (Brown, 1997) has attracted renewed attention to impact it on people institutions. Organizational scholars have examined narcissistic personality traits (e.g., Judge, Piccolo Kosalka, 2009), CEOs Chatterjee Hambrick, 2007; Kets de Vries Miller, 1985a) organizations Duchon Burns, 2008). In this study we focus organizational narcissism: that is, as a whole developed identity (Whetten, 2006; Albert, Ashforth Dutton, 2000). Narcissistic organizations, like individuals, can be seen exhibit specific set dominant pattern behavior. Scholars thus far theorized grandiosity, entitlement, denial exploitation are pervasive behaviors characterize 1997; 2008; Drake, 2009). Yet, research organization-level narcissism, particular its relation outcomes, is hampered by absence measure construct. Thus, our first aim develop scale narcissism. Organization-level an important issue some suggest extreme may catalyst corporate failure; witness cases Long Term Capital Management (LTCM) Enron (Duchon 2009; Stein, 2003, 2007). Alternatively, successful traits, but not form. For example, exemplar firms such Apple, Microsoft General Electric also been described (Maccoby, 2003). This paradox highlights distinction between productive manifested healthy self-esteem destructive Morf Rhodewalt, 2001). second explore relationship firm outcomes. BACKGROUND AND THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT Narcissism Individual Level most often associated with individuals. Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental Disorders (DSM IV) describes "A grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, lack empathy" (American Psychiatric Association, 1994: 661). definition includes nine traits--inflated sense self-importance, fantasies unlimited success power, perception special status, exploitation, envy, empathy, arrogance, excessive admiration which, when exhibited combination persons' behavior, comprise (APA, 1994). individuals ego-defense maintain fragile (Kets 1985a), characterized exhibitionism, self-aggrandizement, entitlement (Judge et. al., extreme, these pathological. many moderate degree fact part 1985a). Referring DSM IV, "many highly display might considered narcissistic. Only inflexible, maladaptive, persisting cause significant functional impairment subjective distress do they constitute Personality Disorder" uncommon find references personalities 1985a; Maccoby, 1999; Treadway, Adams, Ranft Ferris, …