Evolution of Forest Systems: the Role of Biogeochemical Cycles in Determining Sustainable Forestry Practices

摘要: The exploitation of natural resources such as forests leads to sustainable forest management (SFM). key question is how define and parametrize “sustainable use.” Promoting use that conserves spatial characteristics landscapes the structure composition stands was proposed a way maintaining elements biodiversity species richness genetic variation. However, establish parameter space for use, it essential consider nutrient requirements systems, is, plants animals, need fertilizer application, effects on biogeochemical cycles, cornerstone biological evolution and, thus, biodiversity. products inevitably tied exporting biomass from those ecosystems because are used elsewhere, thus changing practically steady-state open ones. Continued export results in soil acidification removal. Among macronutrients, phosphorus takes position, but several others have been shown be depleted managed-forest systems. Micronutrients more crucial forest-dwelling particularly nutrients only animals. Depletion their reserves, selenium instance, through will not affect plants, initial subclinical animals difficult detect. generalized effect may reflected rates recruitment or disease resistance, ecosystem processes. Forest reduces soil-nutrient slash burning water runoff further add cumulative losses minerals. Such impacts addressed, mammals unique needs microelements. Biogeochemical cycles disturbed by therefore, processes, these incorporated SFM designs.