The ecological implications of harvesting non‐timber forest products

摘要: Summary 1 The harvest of wild non-timber forest products (NTFP) represents an important source income to millions people world-wide. Despite growing concern over the conservation these species, as well their potential foster conservation, information on ecological implications is available only in disparate case studies. 2 Seventy studies that quantify effects harvesting NTFP from plant species were reviewed, with aims assessing current state knowledge and drawing lessons can provide guidelines for management better directing future research this area. 3 The illustrated affect processes at many levels, individual population community ecosystem. However, majority was focused a level limited subset parts are harvested. 4 Tolerance varies according life history part harvested. Moreover, any one mediated by variation environmental conditions space time, human practices. 5 In order withstand heavy harvest, specific practices addition gathering necessary species. Management be carried out different spatial scales some highly effective fostering persistence. 6 Synthesis applications. Substantial advances have been made towards identifying impacts harvest. there need longer-term focus multiple levels (ranging genes ecosystems), assess mechanisms underlying validate models. Researchers managers work local harvesters designing evaluating mitigate negative